Essay about How Cheerleading Is a Sport - 1011 Words

Many consider cheerleading not a sport, but the New York Times states, one of the quickest growing sports for girls in our country today is cheerleading. Additionally, the New York Times doesn’t differentiate between sideline and competition cheerleaders. Sideline cheerleaders are on the sideline cheering on the football team and getting the crowd pumped for the football game. A competition cheerleader competes against other schools or teams in competitions that last two minutes and thirty seconds which consist of stunting, tumbling, dancing and jumps. Cheerleading is a sport because it is made up of teamwork, vigorous practices, it’s very dangerous, and it has rules and guidelines like any other sport in today’s society. Teamwork†¦show more content†¦A cheerleading practice consists of conditioning, going over the routine full out over 50 times, jumping, tumbling, stunting, dancing your heart out, and even more conditioning. Cheerleaders perform stunts that require strength. In a stunt, flyers are tossed in the air, by their two bases and back spots in different stunts that require strength, teamwork, communication, and cooperation. To be able to perform the very challenging stunts, cheerleaders need to condition and workout like any other sport that competes. Cheerleading is considered the number one dangerous sport for girls in todays country. Sports injuries for cheerleading appear in the ER more than five times the number of any other sport. According to LiveScience staff, cheerleading injuries account for more than 67 percent of sports injuries (LiveScience). While watching a routine, you will see that most cheerleaders will have on an ankle brace, a knee brace, or a wrist brace. They wear braces because cheerleaders easily get hurt and they have to wear a brace to be able to cheer and not reinjure themselves. In most cases, the cheerleaders will continue Keegan 3 to wear the brace after their injury is healed because they don’t want to hurt their previous injury. The most common injuries are ankle sprains. Cheerleaders may need surgery for some of their injuries because in most cases a cheerleader could of torn their MCL orShow MoreRelatedHow Cheerleading Is A Sport1071 Words   |  5 Pagesbest and want to win. How would you feel if every time you took that field your peers didn’t believe in you and did not respect your sport? Cheerleaders go to the gym and work just as hard as other athletes do, and are not receiving any credit. This makes us frustrated and let down. There are many aspects of cheer that people are unaware of. Being a cheerleader, you have to be able to tumble, stunt, be competitive, have teamwork, and most of all dedication. Cheerleading is a sport because it is physicallyRead MoreCheerleading Should Be Granted Sport Status1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The argument of whether or not cheerleadin g should be granted sport status is one that has escalated into a fierce debate over the past year,† Wayne Drehs, a staff writer for ESPN, confirms. While giving a purpose to many young athletes as many other known sports do, cheerleading has lost any sport recognition somewhere along the way. The sport has grown miraculously into something that is nothing short of amazing. However while cheerleading’s difficulty has grown, many people’s support for theRead MoreCheerleader and American Icon by Natalie Adams and Pamela Bettis1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbook explains a lot about cheerleading and where it started and how far it’s gotten. This book will help me talk about the difference between sideline and competitive cheerleading. The book will also help me to talk about how much of a business cheerleading has started for the United States. This book has a lot of great information for me to use to talk about how athletic cheerleading really is. The book goes in detail about male and female participation in cheerleading. This is going to be greatRead MoreGoing Team ! : The Debate Over Cheerleading1442 Words   |  6 Pages Go Team!: The Debate Over Cheerleading When you hear the word cheerleader, what do you visualize? A ditzy girl on the sideline of a football game shaking pom-poms seems to be the most common image. Although this is how cheerleading originally began, the sport has been revolutionized: it is incomparable to its’ original purpose. Cheerleading is now a year-round activity which involves stunting, tumbling, and dancing. There are many different types of cheerleading; these are all governed by differentRead MoreShould Cheerleading Be A Sport?1620 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to cheerleading, most of us will readily agree that it is not a real sport. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of why not. Whereas some are convinced that cheerleading doesn’t meet necessary qualifications to officially be a sport, others maintain that it does have qualities deeming it to be a sport. This is because the competition level in high school and college exceeds the expectation of those other sport s that put in the time, hard work and effort toRead MoreWhat Does A Sport And Whether Or Not Cheerleading Should Be Considered1513 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone tells you to think of a sport I’m sure the first thing that comes to mind is football, or basketball, or maybe baseball. But what about cheerleading? When you think of cheerleading do you just think of it as an activity that consists of chants on the sidelines with big pom-poms, or do you think of it as a sport with extreme stunting such as tumbling, mounting, and tossing? The question of whether or not cheerleading is or should be recognized as an official sport has been debated since 1997Read MoreCheerleading Is A Sport?1257 Words   |  6 PagesJan. 1, 2017 Cheerleading is a Sport Cheerleading is one of the leading causes of catastrophic injuries in female athletes in high school and college levels, yet people still argue that it is not a sport and how â€Å"easy† it is. Reasons cheer is not labeled a sport yet is because all of the benefits that would need to be provided for cheer teams because of title IX, the primary purpose of cheer (not competing), and the fact that cheerleading would not exist if they labeled it a sport because then theirRead MoreCheerleading Is The Competitive Side Of Cheerleading885 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of whether cheerleading is a sport, some of us readily agree that it is. Where the agreement usually ends, however, is on the competitive side of cheerleading. Although not all types of cheerleading are considered competitive, the ones that are competitive should be considered a sport. Whereas many are convinced that cheerleading as a whole is not a sport due to lack of competition, others maintain th at it is a sport because cheerleaders are athletes, they need to trainRead MoreIs Cheerleading a Sport?669 Words   |  3 PagesIs Cheerleading a Sport? The first intercollegiate American Football game was played between Princeton university and Rutgers University in 1869, and cheerleading began in the 1880s with Princetons all-male pep club. In 1923, women were allowed to become cheerleaders at the University of Minnesota, and during the 1920s, cheerleaders added acrobatics to the cheers (Being a Cheerleader). The first Cheerleading National Championship was held in 1982, hosted by the Universal Cheerleaders AssociationRead MoreIs Cheerleading A Sport?1556 Words   |  7 Pagesamericans believe that cheerleading isn t a sport? Could it be because cheerleaders don’t compete against other cheerleaders on specific â€Å"game days†? Cheerleading is different from most sports because they usually compete with how loud they are, and their facial expressions. In order for an activity to be considered a sport it has involve physical activities. Cheerleading is a sport because people train and compete for it, the cheerleader s also have to be physically fit. A sport is an activity that

Analysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost Essay

Thesis Robert Frosts â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is more symbolic of a choice one must make in their life in attempt to foresee the outcome before reaching the end, than it is about choosing the right path in the woods. Describe the literal scene and situation. The literal scene of Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken, is described as a â€Å"yellowed wood† (Arp Johnson, 2009). Use of this description could be that fall is upon the wood or the trees perhaps once white have yellowed with age. Before the traveler is a road split into two different directions, he has no idea where each road leads. In trying to imagine, where each one might lead he tries to â€Å"look down each path† (Arp Johnson, 2009), but to no avail as he can only see as far as the†¦show more content†¦It could just be symbolic for a choice that he must make in his life. As college students, our â€Å"road† is what major we will choose and this will help decide the outcome of our future. When one decides to follow God a divided path becomes the focus of our lives, do we continue down the path we have been on our whole lives, and is well known but will surely lead to death? On the other hand, do we choose the path God would have us take not only changing our lives, but in the end instead of an eternity spent in the cold grip of death, we find eternal life? Why does the title emphasize the road not taken? The emphasis on â€Å"the road not taken† is Frost’s way of making us think as we read this poem that no matter which way the speaker chose to go a road would always stay not taken. The speaker intended to complete his journey on the chosen path, then at another time go back, and take the other direction. What are the rhythm patterns that Frost uses in the poem (include the scansion and technical methods: alliteration, assonance, and consonance)? Frost uses both masculine rhyme and end rhyme. The masculine rhyme is the rhyming sounds that contain only one syllable such as wood, stood, and should. The end rhyme pattern that Frost uses is, A, B, A, A, B C, D, C, C, D E, F, E, E, F and G, H, G, G, H. (Arp Johnson, 2009). There are lines of this poem that show the alliteration method, two examples are found in line 6-â€Å"then took the†, and line 8- â€Å"wanted wear† Assonance alsoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing th is poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Analysis1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, is a poem that has many meanings depending on the reader. The poem was published in 1916 and it is a very interesting poem. It’s a fairly short poem consisting of only 20 lines, and it is full of metaphors and imagery and it has many ways that it can be interpreted. The poem’s use of imagery leaves the reader trying to figure out what Frost meant when he wrote the poem. Since it is a poem, it generally has no correct way to interpret it, but it usuallyRead More Analysis of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essays860 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost ?The Road Not Taken? (1916) tells of someone faced with two of life?s decisions however only one can be chosen. Whichever road is taken will be final and will determine the direction that their life takes. Frost drives this poem by a calm and collective narrative, spoken by the traveler of the diverged roads. Who is speaking with himself trying to convince himself of which road is the better choice. Frost wrote this poem using standard, modern languageRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost: An Analysis811 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction On the surface of it, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost presents a narrator who is remembering a journey through the woods, and the person making this journey came into a position where two roads were diverging. So the challenge presented in the poem is, which road should the narrator take, and why? Frost claimed that his poem was a parody of a poem by his friend, poet Edward Thomas, but others have had very different explanations for The Road NotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost803 Words   |  4 Pages Poetry And I The poem The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost relates to my personal life because both the narrator and I had to make a decision. My decision was having to chose between playing volleyball or football in fifth grade. I thought about my previous experiences in both sports. I was a decent player in volleyball and I wanted to get the â€Å"All Sports Award† that our school awards to eighth graders who participated in all of the sports that St. Dominic offers; however, St. Dominic did not offerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1244 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler discovers a fork in the road, and after thorough examination of both paths in the â€Å"yellow wood† he chooses one to proceed on (1). The speaker intended to save the other road for another day of traveling; however, he knew that his path in life would drift far away, preventing him from ever returning to the other road. When the future arriv es, the speaker plans to tell of his travels, and alter the truth by explaining that the path he chose was lessRead MoreEssay Analysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost854 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Robert Frost poem ‘’The Road Not Taken’’ there is a pervasive and in many ways intrinsic sense of journey throughout. In such, the poem explores an aspect associated with human decision, or indecision, relative to the oxymoron, that choices with the least the difference should bear the most indifference, but realistically, carry the most difficulty. This is conveyed through the use of several pivotal techniques. Where the first such instance is the use of an extended metaphor, where the poemRead MoreAnalysis OfThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost1011 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, a renowned American poet, is regarded as one of the most influential and successful poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s popularity is derived most notably from the colloquial, descriptive language he uses in his poems and the impactful themes he portrays throughout them. The popularity of Frost’s poems also emerges from the interest that is sparked by his ability to â€Å"fool† the reader and hide the true meaning behind his words. One of the most acknowledged of Frost’s poems is â€Å"TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Gow Will Be The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1020 Words   |  5 Pagesand spiritual. So, the question is, does self-discovery only work within an individual or can it be influenced by others around us? Morning, teachers and fellow class mates. My prescribed related text to away by Michael gow will be the road not taken by Robert frost. Away explores the concept of self-discovery and transformation through the characters as they change. By encountering a physical journey, it provides the character with new perspective on life and an understanding attitude away fromRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helped

Victorian Childrens Literature free essay sample

This paper discusses various childrens stories from the Victorian period and shows how these stories were used to illustrate Victorian ideals and values that they wished to instill in their children. This research paper examines childrens books from the second half of the nineteenth century. It examines the overt and covert control that these works exercised, and continue to exercise, over their readers. This paper also describes the language that Victorian writers used in childrens books to shape the actions, behavior and beliefs of their child readers, and the strategies they employed to persuade their readers to digest their messages. `Many examples of Victorian literature adopt an authoritarian control over the children. Alice is framed as a conventional childrens story, from which we would expect advice, guidance and the like. Yet our expectations remain unfulfilled, for Carroll refuses to adopt a position of authority, or to invest with authority any character in the story, except perhaps Alice herself, which seems hardly acceptable by Victorian standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian Childrens Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, no character in Alice is in the least sincere; arguably, not even Carroll is sincere, given the apparent gap between the introductory poem and the contents of the fiction. Carrolls subversion of speech acts and the language of control operates throughout the book.`

The Effect of Light Quantity on Photosynthesis of Green Land Plants free essay sample

The reaction centre than transfers captured electrons to the electron transport chain (Hoober 1984). The electrons are carried in the form of NADPH, which is then reduced (Hoober 1984). The hydrogen ion produced from this reduction reaction then passes through ATP synthase, generating ATP (Hoober 1984). The chemical DCPIP acts as an electron acceptor and is used to measure the rate of electron transport in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts (Dean and Miskiewicz 2006). Initially DCPIP is a blue colour. Although, when it gains electrons from the transport chain it is reduced and turns colourless (Dean and Miskiewicz 2006). A high photosynthetic rate can be interpreted by a fast rate of change from blue to colourless of the DCPIP as more electrons are flowing through the transport chain and reducing the DCPIP. The colour of DCPIP is measured using a spectrophotometer at 605nm. The rate of photosynthesis is dependent on many factors, in particular light quantity (Johkan et al. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Light Quantity on Photosynthesis of Green Land Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2012). A greater quantity of light received by the chloroplasts equates to a greater amount of solar energy potentially converted into ATP. In turn this causes a higher flow of electrons in the transport chain. The importance of light quantity for photosynthesis is relevant to the growth and harnessing of energy by plants. This can be useful for understanding ecosystems, such as rainforests where the amount of light received by plants is greatly reduced further down the canopy (Lee 1987), and for agriculture as optimum growth conditions can increase production of crops. The hypothesis was that the greater the quantity of light the higher the rate of photosynthesis and hence the faster reduction of DCPIP, as more electrons travel through the transport chain. The effect of light quantity was answered using isolated chloroplasts exposed to differing intensities of light, with photosynthetic activity measured using DCPIP and a spectrophotometer at 605nm. Method Isolating chloroplast: Approximately 4g of spinach leaf was torn into pieces, removing major veins. The leaf pieces were then placed into a cooled mortar and pestle. 15mL of cold isolation medium was then dispensed into the same mortar and pestle, and the leaf pieces were ground into a smooth paste. Using a funnel and two pieces of gauze, the ground leaf paste was then filtered into a cold 15mL plastic centrifuge sitting on ice. The plant material was then squeezed to recover as much filtrate as possible. While the filtrate was being centrifuged the mortar and pestle were washed, whilst the funnel and gauze were placed on the bench to dry. Tables were then set up for record keeping. The supernatant was carefully decanted by pouring it into a new, cold 15mL centrifuge tube and stored on ice, being careful not to lose the dark green pellet at the bottom. A sufficient amount of ice-cold isolation medium was added to the tube containing the pellet so that the final volume was approximately 1mL. If 1mL isolate was already present, no more isolation medium was added. Very carefully, the pellet was re-suspended by swirling and gently flicking the tube. The chloroplast isolate was then stored on ice. Measuring absorbance: The spectrophotometer was blanked at 605nm using a phosphate buffer. Three cuvettes were labeled and 5mL DCPIP was dispensed into each cuvette. Using a pipette, 20uL chloroplast isolate was added to each cuvette, which were then covered with Parafilm and inverted to mix, measuring their absorbance at 605nm (A605) immediately. Cuvette 1 was placed in a dark cupboard, cuvette 2 in front of a 25W unfiltered light source, and cuvette 3 in front of a 125W unfiltered light source. The A605 was measured every two minutes for a total of 8 minutes for all cuvettes. Results were recorded in a table and the experiment repeated three times. Results Photosynthetic activity of isolated chloroplasts was highest in the samples exposed to the 125W unfiltered light source and lowest in samples kept in darkness (Figure 1). No photosynthetic activity occurred in the chloroplasts which were not exposed to light (Figure 1). The chloroplasts exposed to the 125W light source increased in photosynthetic activity at an increasing rate for the first four minutes and then steadied (Figure 1). The samples exposed to 25W light recorded a small increase in photosynthetic activity over time (Figure 1). Photosynthetic activity was 50% higher in samples exposed to 125W light source than those exposed to 25W (Figure 1). Figure 1: The effect of light quantity on photosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts of spinach leaf. The absorbance of chloroplasts mixed with DCPIP exposed to differing light quantities was measured using a spectrophotometer at 605nm. Discussion The results show that photosynthetic activity peaked in samples exposed to 125W light source, and was not present in samples unexposed to light. This shows that light quantity does affect photosynthetic activity as the DCPIP was reduced at a faster rate in samples exposed to high light intensity, suggesting more electron transfer in the isolated chloroplasts. The higher amount of electrons de-colourised the DCPIP at a faster rate, accounting for its decreased absorbance. Hence, greater light quantity results in greater photosynthetic activity. These results are confirmed by Turnball showing that greater plant growth occurred in plants exposed to the most light (1991). This suggests that photosynthetic activity was higher than in the plants exposed to low light intensities, allowing the production of more ATP and subsequent growth of the plant. Although, plants inhabiting the lower canopy region displayed better growth in low light conditions than those adapted to mid or high canopy regions (Turnball 1991). This infers that photosynthetic level varies between species and habitat as species adapt to different light intensities. This conclusion is supported by Stroop and Boyer who showed that the rate of ATP synthesis was significantly lower in plants exposed to low light (1987). At 2% light intensity the rate of photophosphorylation, the production of ATP by photosynthesis, was approximately 97% lower than in chloroplasts exposed to 100% light intensity (Stroop and Boyer 1987), supporting the hypothesis. Plant species are adapted to different light intensities depending on their habitat. Species adapted to the shade contain higher chlorophyll content than those residing in sun environments (Grumbach and Lichtenthaler 1982). Grumbach and Lichtenthaler showed that plants were able to adapt to different light intensities through changing their pigment composition, being chlorophyll and carotenoids, as well as the thickness of the thylakoid membrane (1982). Chloroplasts adapted to high light intensities exhibited few small thylakoid systems, however chloroplasts adapted to low light intensity contained large grana stacks and enlarged photosystems within the thylakoid membrane (Grumbach and Lichtenthaler 1982). Hence, there are multiple factors, such as habitat, acting on the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts when exposed to varying light intensities. The experiment conducted only investigated the photosynthetic activity of spinach, which is adapted to relatively high light intensity, accounting for its significantly lowered photosynthetic activity at 25W light in comparison to 125W. To extend research, species adapted to low light should be included in the method to account for the effects of light quantity on a broader range of species and habitat. To achieve this, species from low regions of the rainforest canopy should be researched and compared to plants from the high and mid canopy. Furthermore, the effects of the entire plant could be observed rather than only the activity of the isolated chloroplasts. More specifically, the growth of the plant exposed to a certain light intensity over a period of time could provide a broader analysis of the effects of light quantity on photosynthesis, such as in Turnball’s experiment (1991). To further improve methodology, controls are essential. In particular the supernatant, which contained few chloroplasts, could be compared to the pellet to confirm whether chloroplast density has an effect on photosynthetic activity when exposed to different light intensities. Sources of error existed primarily due to timing, as cuvettes containing the solution were exposed to the light for differing periods before measurement by the spectrophotometer. This was due to a delay as only one cuvette could be measured at a time. To improve this aspect of the method, measurement of the absorbance of the samples could be completed in increments to ensure all cuvettes have exactly the same light exposure before analysis. This research shows the significance of light quantity on the photosynthesis and development of plants. This enhances understanding of the rainforest environment and the photosynthetic levels of plants at different levels of the canopy. It can also be applied to the harvesting of crops, as greater understanding of the requirements for optimum growth is essential for commercial production. To conclude, light quantity has a significant effect on the photosynthetic activity of isolated chloroplasts of the spinach leaf. High light intensity results in higher photosynthetic activity than in chloroplasts exposed to low light intensity, suggesting greater electron transfer and ultimate reduction of DCPIP. References Dean, R. , Miskiewicz, E. (2006) Rates of electron transport in the thylakoid membranes of isolated, illuminated chloroplasts are enhanced in the presence of ammonium chloride. Biochemistry and molecular biology education, vol. 31: pp. 10 – 417. Grumbach, K. , Lichtenthaler, H. (1982) Chloroplast pigments and their biosynthesis in relation to light intensity. Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 35: pp. 209 – 212. Hoober, J. K. (1984) The process of photosynthesis: the light reactions. Chloroplasts. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 79 – 110. Johkan, M. , Shoji, K. , Goto, F. , Hahida, S. , Yoshihara, T. (2012) Effect of green light wavelength and intensity on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in Lactuca sativa. Environmental and experimental botany, vol. 75: pp. 128 – 133. Ladiges, P. , Evans, B. Saint, R. , Knox, B. (2010) Biology: an Australian focus, McGraw Hill, North Ryde, NSW. Lee, D. W. (1987) The spectral distribution of radiation in two neotropical rainforests. Biotropica, vol. 19: pp. 161 – 166. Stroop, S. , Boyer, P. (1987) Catalytic and regulatory effects of light intensity on chloroplast ATP synthase. Biochemistry, vol. 26: pp. 1479 – 1484. Turnball, M. (1991) The effect of light quantity and quality during development on the photosynthetic characteristics of six Australian rainforest tree species. Oecologia, vol. 87: pp. 110 – 117.